ICT Class 7 - Evolution Of-Computers Notes

Evolution of Computers

Welcome to the chapter on Evolution of Computers for Class 7. In this chapter, you will learn how computers have changed over time, from simple machines to the powerful devices we use today. By the end of this chapter, you will understand the history and development of computers!

Introduction

Computers have come a long way since they were first invented. The journey from early counting tools to modern computers is called the evolution of computers.

Early Calculating Devices

• Abacus: One of the oldest tools used for counting and simple calculations.
• Napier’s Bones: Invented by John Napier to help with multiplication.
• Pascaline: The first mechanical calculator made by Blaise Pascal.
• Analytical Engine: Designed by Charles Babbage, known as the "Father of Computers".

Generations of Computers

Computers have evolved in different generations, each with new technology and features.

• First Generation: Used vacuum tubes (1940s-1950s).
• Second Generation: Used transistors (1950s-1960s).
• Third Generation: Used integrated circuits (1960s-1970s).
• Fourth Generation: Used microprocessors (1970s-present).
• Fifth Generation: Uses artificial intelligence and advanced technologies (present and future).

Modern Computers

• Today’s computers are fast, small, and powerful.
• We use desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones.
• Computers are used in homes, schools, offices, hospitals, and many other places.

Fun Activity: Timeline of Computers

Make a timeline showing the evolution of computers from the abacus to modern laptops. Draw pictures and write the names of important inventions.

Summary

• Computers have evolved from simple counting tools to advanced machines.
• Each generation brought new technology and improvements.
• Modern computers are used everywhere and make our lives easier.

Practice Questions

1. Name two early calculating devices.
2. Who is known as the "Father of Computers"?
3. What technology was used in the first generation of computers?
4. What is a microprocessor?
5. Name two types of modern computers.

Challenge Yourself

• Draw and label the parts of an abacus and a modern computer.
• List three ways computers have changed our lives.

Did You Know?

• The first computers were as big as a room!
• Today’s smartphones are more powerful than old computers.

Glossary

• Abacus: An ancient counting tool.
• Microprocessor: The brain of a computer, found in modern computers.
• Artificial Intelligence: Computers that can think and learn like humans.

Answers to Practice Questions

1. Abacus, Pascaline (any two).
2. Charles Babbage.
3. Vacuum tubes.
4. A small chip that does all the processing in a computer.
5. Laptop, tablet, desktop, smartphone (any two).

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Computers have changed a lot! Keep learning about their history and imagine what they will be like in the future.