Science Class 11 - Diversity In-The-Living-World Notes

Diversity in the Living World

Welcome to the chapter on Diversity in the Living World for Class 11. In this chapter, you will learn about the vast variety of living organisms on Earth, how they are classified, and why this diversity is important. By the end of this chapter, you will understand the basics of biological classification and appreciate the richness of life forms around us.

Introduction

The living world is full of a huge variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms. This variety is called biodiversity. Scientists study and classify these organisms to understand their similarities, differences, and relationships.

What is Biodiversity?

• Biodiversity means the variety of living organisms found in a particular place or on the entire Earth.
• It includes plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms.
• Biodiversity is important for the balance of nature and human survival.

Need for Classification

• There are millions of living organisms on Earth.
• Classification helps us study them in an organized way.
• It helps in identifying, naming, and grouping organisms based on similarities and differences.

Taxonomy and Systematics

• Taxonomy is the science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms.
• Systematics includes taxonomy and also studies the evolutionary relationships among organisms.
• The system of naming organisms is called binomial nomenclature (e.g., Homo sapiens for humans).

Major Groups of Living Organisms

• Living organisms are classified into five kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
• Each kingdom has its own unique features.
• Classification is based on cell structure, mode of nutrition, reproduction, and body organization.

Nomenclature and Identification

• Scientific names are given using Latin words and follow certain rules.
• Each organism has a unique scientific name to avoid confusion.
• Identification keys help in finding the correct name of an organism.

Importance of Museums, Herbaria, and Zoological Parks

• Museums preserve specimens of plants and animals for study.
• Herbaria are collections of dried plant specimens.
• Zoological parks (zoos) keep live animals for study and public awareness.

Practice Questions

1. What is biodiversity?
2. Why do we need to classify living organisms?
3. What is binomial nomenclature? Give an example.
4. Name the five kingdoms of living organisms.
5. What is the difference between taxonomy and systematics?

Challenge Yourself

• Visit a local park or garden and list as many different plants and animals as you can see.
• Find out the scientific names of three common plants or animals in your area.

Did You Know?

• There are more than 1.5 million known species of living organisms, and many more are yet to be discovered!
• The binomial system of naming was developed by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century.

Glossary

• Biodiversity: The variety of living organisms on Earth.
• Taxonomy: The science of naming and classifying organisms.
• Systematics: The study of the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationships.
• Binomial Nomenclature: The system of giving each organism a two-part scientific name.

Answers to Practice Questions

1. Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms found in a particular place or on the entire Earth.
2. Classification helps us study, identify, and understand the relationships among living organisms.
3. Binomial nomenclature is the system of giving each organism a two-part scientific name, e.g., Homo sapiens for humans.
4. Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia.
5. Taxonomy is about naming and classifying; systematics also includes studying evolutionary relationships.

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Explore the living world around you and discover the amazing diversity of life!