Science Class 8 - Some Natural-Phenomena Notes

Some Natural Phenomena

Welcome to the chapter on Some Natural Phenomena for Class 8. In this chapter, you will learn about important natural events like lightning, earthquakes, and cyclones. By the end of this chapter, you will understand how these phenomena occur, their effects, and how to stay safe during such events.

Introduction

Nature shows us many amazing and sometimes dangerous events. Some of these are called natural phenomena. Lightning, earthquakes, and cyclones are examples. Let’s learn how they happen and how we can protect ourselves.

Lightning

Lightning is a bright flash of light in the sky during a thunderstorm. It happens when clouds rub together and create electric charges. The charges jump between clouds or from clouds to the ground, making lightning.

• Lightning can be dangerous and cause fires or injuries.
• Never stand under a tree or touch metal objects during a thunderstorm.

Earthquakes

An earthquake is a sudden shaking of the ground. It happens when rocks deep inside the earth move or break. Earthquakes can damage buildings, roads, and even cause landslides.

• Earthquakes are measured using a machine called a seismograph.
• During an earthquake, stay away from windows and heavy objects. Take cover under a strong table.

Cyclones

A cyclone is a very strong wind that moves in a circle. Cyclones bring heavy rain and can cause floods and damage to buildings and trees.

• Cyclones are common near the sea.
• Stay indoors and listen to weather warnings during a cyclone.

Safety Tips

• During lightning, stay indoors and avoid using electrical appliances.
• During an earthquake, take cover and stay calm.
• During a cyclone, keep emergency supplies ready and follow instructions from authorities.

Fun Activity: Safety Poster

Make a poster showing safety rules for lightning, earthquakes, and cyclones. Share it with your class!

Summary

• Lightning, earthquakes, and cyclones are natural phenomena.
• They can be dangerous, but we can stay safe by following safety rules.
• Learn about these events to protect yourself and others.

Practice Questions

1. What causes lightning?
2. How can you stay safe during an earthquake?
3. What should you do during a cyclone?
4. Name a machine used to measure earthquakes.
5. Why should you avoid standing under a tree during lightning?

Challenge Yourself

• Find out about a recent cyclone or earthquake in India and write a short report.
• Make a list of emergency items to keep at home for natural disasters.

Did You Know?

• Lightning is hotter than the surface of the sun!
• The largest earthquake ever recorded was in Chile in 1960.

Glossary

• Phenomena: Events that happen in nature.
• Seismograph: A machine that measures earthquakes.
• Cyclone: A strong wind that moves in a circle and brings heavy rain.

Answers to Practice Questions

1. Electric charges in clouds cause lightning.
2. Take cover under a strong table and stay away from windows.
3. Stay indoors, keep emergency supplies ready, and listen to weather warnings.
4. Seismograph.
5. Because lightning can strike trees and cause injury.

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Learn about natural phenomena and always follow safety rules to stay safe!