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Science Class 10 - Sources Of-Energy Notes

Comprehensive study notes for Class 10 - Sources Of-Energy olympiad preparation

Sources of Energy

Welcome to the chapter on Sources of Energy for Class 10. In this chapter, you will learn about different sources of energy, their advantages and disadvantages, and how we use them in our daily lives. By the end of this chapter, you will understand the importance of using energy wisely and the need for sustainable energy sources.

Introduction

Energy is needed for everything we do—lighting our homes, running vehicles, cooking food, and operating machines. The sources from which we get energy are called sources of energy.

Types of Sources of Energy

  • Conventional Sources: Used for a long time, such as coal, petroleum, natural gas, and hydropower.
  • Non-Conventional Sources: Newer and renewable, such as solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, and biomass.

Conventional Sources of Energy

  • Fossil Fuels: Coal, petroleum, and natural gas. They are non-renewable and cause pollution.
  • Hydropower: Energy from flowing water. It is renewable but can affect aquatic life.
  • Thermal Power: Produced by burning fossil fuels to generate electricity.

Non-Conventional (Renewable) Sources of Energy

  • Solar Energy: Energy from the sun, captured using solar panels. Clean and renewable.
  • Wind Energy: Energy from moving air, captured by wind turbines.
  • Tidal Energy: Energy from sea tides.
  • Geothermal Energy: Energy from heat inside the Earth.
  • Biomass: Energy from plant and animal waste.

Characteristics of a Good Source of Energy

  • Gives a lot of heat per unit mass.
  • Easy to store and transport.
  • Easy to use and economical.
  • Does not cause pollution.

Advantages and Disadvantages

  • Conventional sources: Easily available but cause pollution and are non-renewable.
  • Non-conventional sources: Clean and renewable but may be costly to set up.

Why Do We Need to Use Energy Wisely?

  • Fossil fuels are limited and will run out one day.
  • Burning fossil fuels causes air pollution and global warming.
  • Renewable sources help protect the environment.

Practice Questions

  1. Name two conventional and two non-conventional sources of energy.
  2. Why are fossil fuels called non-renewable?
  3. List two advantages of solar energy.
  4. What are the disadvantages of using coal as a source of energy?
  5. Why should we use renewable sources of energy?

Challenge Yourself

  • Explain how a solar panel works to produce electricity.
  • Find out how wind energy is used in your state or country.

Did You Know?

  • The world's largest solar power plant is in India!
  • Wind turbines can be as tall as a 20-story building.

Glossary

  • Renewable: Can be replaced naturally and used again and again.
  • Non-renewable: Cannot be replaced easily; will run out one day.
  • Fossil Fuels: Fuels formed from the remains of plants and animals over millions of years.
  • Pollution: Making air, water, or land dirty and unsafe.

Answers to Practice Questions

  1. Conventional: coal, petroleum; Non-conventional: solar energy, wind energy.
  2. Because they take millions of years to form and cannot be replaced quickly.
  3. It is clean and renewable; does not cause pollution.
  4. It causes air pollution and is non-renewable.
  5. To save the environment and ensure energy for the future.

Use energy wisely and help protect our planet for the future!

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