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Science Class 7 - Fibre To-Fabric Notes

Comprehensive study notes for Class 7 - Fibre To-Fabric olympiad preparation

Fibre to Fabric

Welcome to the chapter on Fibre to Fabric for Class 7. In this chapter, you will learn how fibres are obtained from plants and animals, how they are turned into yarn, and how yarn is woven or knitted to make fabric. By the end of this chapter, you will understand the journey from fibre to the clothes you wear!

Introduction

Clothes are made from fabrics, and fabrics are made from fibres. Fibres are thin, thread-like structures that are spun into yarn and then made into fabric.

Types of Fibres

  • Natural fibres: Obtained from plants and animals. Examples: cotton, jute, silk, wool.
  • Synthetic fibres: Made by humans using chemicals. Examples: nylon, polyester, acrylic.

Sources of Natural Fibres

  • Cotton: Comes from the cotton plant. The fluffy cotton is picked from the plant and seeds are removed.
  • Jute: Comes from the stem of the jute plant. The stem is soaked in water to separate the fibres.
  • Wool: Comes from the fleece (hair) of sheep and goats.
  • Silk: Comes from the cocoon of the silkworm.

Making Yarn from Fibre

  • Spinning: The process of twisting fibres together to make yarn.
  • Spinning can be done by hand (using a charkha or spinning wheel) or by machines.

Making Fabric from Yarn

  • Weaving: Two sets of yarn are crossed over each other to make fabric. This is done on a loom.
  • Knitting: A single yarn is looped to make fabric. Sweaters and socks are made by knitting.

Fun Activity: Fibre Hunt!

Look at the labels on your clothes. Find out which fibres they are made from—cotton, wool, silk, or synthetic.

Summary

  • Fibres are used to make yarn, and yarn is used to make fabric.
  • Natural fibres come from plants and animals; synthetic fibres are man-made.
  • Weaving and knitting are methods to make fabric from yarn.

Practice Questions

  1. Name two natural fibres and their sources.
  2. What is spinning?
  3. How is jute fibre obtained?
  4. What is the difference between weaving and knitting?
  5. Give two examples of synthetic fibres.

Challenge Yourself

  • Draw and label the steps from fibre to fabric.
  • Find out which fibre is best for summer clothes and why.

Did You Know?

  • India is one of the largest producers of cotton in the world!
  • Silk was discovered in China more than 4000 years ago.

Glossary

  • Fibre: Thin, thread-like material used to make yarn.
  • Yarn: Long, twisted threads made from fibres.
  • Fabric: Cloth made by weaving or knitting yarn.
  • Spinning: Making yarn from fibres.
  • Weaving: Making fabric by crossing yarns.
  • Knitting: Making fabric by looping yarn.

Answers to Practice Questions

  1. Cotton (from cotton plant), wool (from sheep).
  2. Spinning is twisting fibres to make yarn.
  3. Jute fibre is obtained from the stem of the jute plant by soaking it in water.
  4. Weaving uses two sets of yarn; knitting uses one yarn looped together.
  5. Nylon, polyester.

The clothes you wear have an amazing journey from fibre to fabric!

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