Plants And-Animals

Plants and Animals

Welcome to the chapter on Plants and Animals for Class 10. In this chapter, you will learn about the diversity of plants and animals, their classification, adaptations, and importance in our ecosystem. By the end of this chapter, you will be able to identify various plants and animals, understand their roles, and appreciate the need for their conservation.

Introduction

The world is full of different kinds of plants and animals. They live in various habitats and have unique features that help them survive. Plants and animals are important for maintaining balance in nature.

Classification of Plants

• Flowering Plants (Angiosperms): Plants that produce flowers and seeds. Example: Rose, Mango.
• Non-flowering Plants: Plants that do not produce flowers. Example: Ferns, Mosses.
• Trees, Shrubs, and Herbs: Plants are also classified by their size and structure.

Classification of Animals

• Vertebrates: Animals with a backbone (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).
• Invertebrates: Animals without a backbone (e.g., insects, worms, jellyfish).

Adaptations in Plants and Animals

• Plants in deserts have thick stems to store water (e.g., cactus).
• Animals in cold regions have thick fur to keep warm (e.g., polar bear).
• Birds have hollow bones to help them fly.

Importance of Plants and Animals

• Plants give us oxygen, food, and medicines.
• Animals help in pollination, provide food, and maintain ecological balance.
• Both are important for the survival of life on Earth.

Conservation of Plants and Animals

• Protect forests and wildlife habitats.
• Avoid cutting trees and hunting animals.
• Support wildlife sanctuaries and national parks.

Practice Questions

1. What is the difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?
2. Give two examples of adaptations in plants.
3. Why are plants important for humans?
4. Name two ways to conserve animals.
5. What is the role of animals in pollination?

Challenge Yourself

• Visit a local park or garden and list five different plants and animals you see.
• Research an endangered species and write a short note on how it can be protected.

Did You Know?

• The Amazon rainforest is home to more than 40,000 plant species and 1,300 bird species!
• Some plants, like the Venus flytrap, can eat insects.

Glossary

• Habitat: The natural home of a plant or animal.
• Adaptation: A feature that helps a living thing survive in its environment.
• Conservation: Protecting and preserving nature and wildlife.

Answers to Practice Questions

1. Vertebrates have a backbone; invertebrates do not.
2. Thick stems in cacti, waxy leaves in lotus.
3. They provide oxygen, food, and medicines.
4. Protect habitats, avoid hunting.
5. Animals like bees and butterflies help transfer pollen from one flower to another.

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Plants and animals make our world beautiful and balanced. Let’s protect them for a better future!