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General Knowledge Class 10 - Science And-Technology Notes

Comprehensive study notes for Class 10 - Science And-Technology olympiad preparation

Science and Technology

Welcome to the chapter on Science and Technology for Class 10. In this chapter, you will learn about important scientific discoveries, inventions, and the latest advancements in technology. By the end of this chapter, you will understand how science and technology impact our daily lives and the world around us.

Key Concepts

  • Science: The study of the natural world through observation and experiments.
  • Technology: The use of scientific knowledge to create tools, machines, and systems to solve problems.
  • Innovation: Creating new ideas, products, or ways of doing things.

Major Scientific Discoveries

  • Discovery of gravity by Isaac Newton.
  • Theory of relativity by Albert Einstein.
  • Discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming.
  • Structure of DNA by Watson and Crick.

Important Inventions

  • The telephone by Alexander Graham Bell.
  • The light bulb by Thomas Edison.
  • The airplane by the Wright brothers.
  • The computer by Charles Babbage (concept) and later developments by many scientists.

Recent Advances in Technology

  • Smartphones and mobile technology.
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning.
  • Electric vehicles and green energy.
  • Space exploration (Mars missions, satellites).
  • Medical technology (vaccines, robotic surgery).

Impact of Science and Technology

  • Makes life easier and more comfortable.
  • Improves communication and transportation.
  • Helps in solving health and environmental problems.
  • Creates new job opportunities and industries.

Practice Questions

  1. Who discovered penicillin?
  2. Name two recent advancements in technology.
  3. How has technology improved communication?
  4. What is Artificial Intelligence?
  5. Why is green energy important?

Challenge Yourself

  • Research and write about an Indian scientist or inventor and their contribution.
  • List three ways technology has changed your daily life.

Did You Know?

  • India’s Chandrayaan-3 mission successfully landed on the Moon’s south pole in 2023!
  • The world’s first programmable computer was called ENIAC.

Glossary

  • Innovation: A new idea or method.
  • Artificial Intelligence: Technology that makes machines think and learn like humans.
  • Green Energy: Energy from natural sources that do not harm the environment.

Answers to Practice Questions

  1. Alexander Fleming.
  2. Any two: AI, electric vehicles, smartphones, green energy, space exploration, etc.
  3. By making it faster and easier through phones, internet, and social media.
  4. Technology that allows machines to think and learn like humans.
  5. Because it helps protect the environment and reduces pollution.

Stay curious about science and technology—they shape our future!

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