Scratch
Welcome to the chapter on Scratch for Class 10. In this chapter, you will learn about Scratch, a visual programming language that helps you create stories, games, and animations. By the end of this chapter, you will be able to make your own simple projects using Scratch!
Introduction to Scratch
Scratch is a block-based programming language developed by MIT. It is designed to make programming easy and fun for beginners. You can drag and drop blocks to create programs without writing any code.
Scratch Interface
- Stage: The area where your project runs and sprites move.
- Sprites: Characters or objects that perform actions.
- Blocks Palette: Contains different blocks for coding (motion, looks, sound, etc.).
- Scripts Area: Where you drag blocks to create your program.
- Backdrop: The background of the stage.
Types of Blocks in Scratch
- Motion: Move sprites around the stage.
- Looks: Change the appearance of sprites.
- Sound: Play sounds or music.
- Events: Start scripts when something happens (like clicking the green flag).
- Control: Repeat actions, wait, or make decisions.
- Sensing: Detect things like touching the edge or another sprite.
- Operators: Perform math and logic operations.
- Variables: Store and change values.
Creating a Simple Project
- Open Scratch and choose a sprite.
- Add a backdrop to your stage.
- Drag blocks from the palette to the scripts area to make your sprite move, speak, or play sounds.
- Click the green flag to run your project.
Sample Script: Move a Sprite
Example: To make a sprite move 10 steps when the green flag is clicked:
- Events → when green flag clicked
- Motion → move 10 steps
Practice Questions
- What is a sprite in Scratch?
- How do you make a sprite say "Hello"?
- Which block is used to repeat actions?
- How can you add sound to your project?
- What happens when you click the green flag?
Challenge Yourself
- Create a Scratch project where a cat sprite moves and says "Welcome to Scratch!".
- Make a simple animation with two sprites talking to each other.
Did You Know?
- Scratch is used by millions of students around the world to learn programming.
- You can share your Scratch projects online with others.
Glossary
- Sprite: A character or object in Scratch.
- Script: A set of blocks that control a sprite.
- Backdrop: The background of the stage.
- Block: A command you can use to build a program in Scratch.
Answers to Practice Questions
- A sprite is a character or object that you can control in Scratch.
- Use the "say Hello for 2 seconds" block from the Looks category.
- The "repeat" or "forever" block from the Control category.
- Use blocks from the Sound category to add sounds.
- The project starts running and the scripts begin to work.
Try making your own games and stories with Scratch. Happy coding!