Science Class 4 - Matter And-Materials Notes

Matter and Materials

Welcome to the chapter on Matter and Materials for Class 4. In this chapter, you will learn what matter is, the different types of materials around us, and how we use them in daily life. By the end of this chapter, you will be able to identify different materials and understand their properties!

Introduction

Everything around us is made of matter. Matter is anything that has weight and takes up space. Materials are the things matter is made of, like wood, metal, plastic, and glass.

States of Matter

• Solid: Has a fixed shape and size. Example: rock, book, chair.
• Liquid: Has no fixed shape but takes the shape of its container. Example: water, milk, oil.
• Gas: Has no fixed shape or size. Example: air, steam, oxygen.

Types of Materials

• Natural Materials: Found in nature. Example: wood, cotton, stone.
• Man-made Materials: Made by people. Example: plastic, glass, steel.

Properties of Materials

• Some materials are hard (stone), some are soft (cotton).
• Some materials float in water (wood), some sink (stone).
• Some materials are transparent (glass), some are opaque (wood).

Uses of Materials

• Wood is used to make furniture.
• Plastic is used to make bottles and toys.
• Glass is used for windows and bottles.
• Metal is used for tools and vehicles.

Fun Activity: Material Hunt

Look around your home or classroom. Make a list of things made from wood, plastic, metal, and glass.

Summary

• Matter is everything around us.
• Materials can be natural or man-made.
• Materials have different properties and uses.

Practice Questions

1. What are the three states of matter?
2. Name two natural materials.
3. Which material is used to make windows?
4. Give one example of a hard material and one soft material.
5. What is matter?

Challenge Yourself

• Draw and label three things made from different materials.
• Find out which materials float and which sink in water.

Did You Know?

• Water can be a solid (ice), liquid (water), or gas (steam)!
• Plastic is made from oil found deep under the ground.

Glossary

• Matter: Anything that has weight and takes up space.
• Material: What things are made of.
• Solid: State of matter with fixed shape and size.
• Liquid: State of matter that flows and takes the shape of its container.
• Gas: State of matter that spreads out to fill its container.

Answers to Practice Questions

1. Solid, liquid, gas.
2. Wood, cotton (any two natural materials).
3. Glass.
4. Hard: stone; Soft: cotton.
5. Matter is anything that has weight and takes up space.

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Explore the world of matter and materials around you every day!