Science Class 5 - Earth And-Universe Notes

Earth and Universe

Welcome to the chapter on Earth and Universe for Class 4. In this chapter, you will learn about our planet Earth, the solar system, and the universe. By the end of this chapter, you will be able to name planets, describe the solar system, and understand what makes our universe so amazing!

Introduction

The Earth is our home. It is a planet in the solar system, which is part of the vast universe. The universe has many stars, planets, and galaxies.

What is the Universe?

The universe is everything that exists—stars, planets, moons, and galaxies. It is very, very big and has billions of stars and planets.

The Solar System

The solar system is a group of planets and other objects that move around the Sun. The Sun is at the center of our solar system.

• There are 8 planets in the solar system.
• The planets are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
• Earth is the third planet from the Sun.

Our Planet Earth

• Earth is the only planet known to have life.
• It has land, water, and air.
• Earth has one moon.
• Earth goes around the Sun in one year.

Other Objects in the Universe

• Stars: Big balls of hot gases. The Sun is a star.
• Moons: Objects that go around planets.
• Asteroids: Small rocky objects in space.
• Comets: Balls of ice and dust that travel around the Sun.
• Galaxies: Huge groups of stars. Our galaxy is called the Milky Way.

Fun Activity: Make a Solar System Model!

Use clay or paper to make the Sun and planets. Arrange them in order and label each planet!

Summary

• Earth is a planet in the solar system.
• The solar system has 8 planets that move around the Sun.
• The universe is very big and has many stars, planets, and galaxies.

Practice Questions

1. Name the eight planets of the solar system.
2. Which planet do we live on?
3. What is the Sun?
4. What is a galaxy?
5. How long does Earth take to go around the Sun?

Challenge Yourself

• Draw and color the solar system. Label all the planets.
• Find out which planet is the largest and which is the smallest.

Did You Know?

• Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system!
• The Sun is much bigger than Earth.
• There are billions of galaxies in the universe.

Glossary

• Planet: A large object that moves around a star.
• Star: A big ball of hot gases that gives off light.
• Galaxy: A huge group of stars, planets, and dust.
• Solar System: The Sun and the objects that move around it.

Answers to Practice Questions

1. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
2. Earth.
3. A star.
4. A huge group of stars, planets, and dust.
5. One year.

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The universe is full of wonders! Keep exploring and learning about space and our planet Earth.