Science Class 5 - Pollution And-Calamities Notes

Pollution and Calamities

Welcome to the chapter on Pollution and Calamities for Class 5. In this chapter, you will learn what pollution is, the different types of pollution, and how natural calamities affect our lives. By the end of this chapter, you will understand how to keep our environment clean and stay safe during calamities!

Introduction

Pollution makes our air, water, and land dirty and unsafe. Calamities are sudden events like floods, earthquakes, and storms that can cause harm to people and nature.

Types of Pollution

• Air Pollution: Smoke from vehicles and factories makes the air dirty.
• Water Pollution: Throwing waste into rivers and lakes makes water unsafe to drink.
• Land Pollution: Dumping garbage and chemicals on land makes the soil dirty.
• Noise Pollution: Loud sounds from traffic, machines, and music disturb us.

Effects of Pollution

• Pollution can make people and animals sick.
• Plants may not grow well in polluted soil.
• Dirty water can cause diseases.
• Air pollution can cause breathing problems.

How to Reduce Pollution

• Throw waste in dustbins, not on the ground.
• Use less plastic and recycle things.
• Plant more trees to clean the air.
• Do not waste water and keep it clean.
• Use public transport or walk to reduce air pollution.

Natural Calamities

• Flood: Too much rain causes rivers to overflow and water covers the land.
• Earthquake: The ground shakes and buildings may fall.
• Storm: Strong winds and rain can damage houses and trees.
• Drought: No rain for a long time makes the land dry and crops cannot grow.
• Fire: Forest fires can destroy trees and homes.

Safety During Calamities

• Listen to news and follow safety instructions.
• Move to safe places during floods or storms.
• Do not touch broken wires after an earthquake.
• Store clean water and food for emergencies.

Fun Activity: Pollution Patrol!

Make a poster about keeping your school clean. Write or draw ways to reduce pollution and share with your friends!

Summary

• Pollution makes our environment dirty and unsafe.
• There are different types of pollution: air, water, land, and noise.
• Natural calamities can cause harm but we can stay safe by following rules.
• We must keep our surroundings clean and help others during calamities.

Practice Questions

1. Name two types of pollution.
2. What happens during a flood?
3. How can you help reduce pollution?
4. What should you do during an earthquake?
5. Why is it important to keep water clean?

Challenge Yourself

• List three things you can do at home to reduce pollution.
• Draw a picture showing a natural calamity and how people stay safe.

Did You Know?

• Planting trees is one of the best ways to fight pollution!
• Some animals lose their homes because of pollution and calamities.

Glossary

• Pollution: Making air, water, or land dirty.
• Calamity: A sudden event that causes harm.
• Flood: Too much water covering land.
• Earthquake: Shaking of the ground.
• Drought: No rain for a long time.

Answers to Practice Questions

1. Air pollution, water pollution (any two types).
2. Water covers the land and can damage homes and crops.
3. Throw waste in bins, recycle, plant trees, use less plastic.
4. Move to a safe place and do not touch broken wires.
5. To stay healthy and avoid diseases.

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Help keep our world clean and safe. Learn about pollution and calamities to protect yourself and others!