ICT Notes for Class 8 Algorithms And-Flowcharts

Algorithms and Flowcharts

Welcome to the chapter on Algorithms and Flowcharts for Class 8. In this chapter, you will learn how to write algorithms, draw flowcharts, and use them to solve problems in computers and daily life. By the end of this chapter, you will be able to create your own algorithms and flowcharts for different tasks!

Introduction

Computers solve problems by following a set of instructions. These instructions are called algorithms. Flowcharts are diagrams that show the steps of an algorithm visually. Both help us plan and understand solutions before writing computer programs.

What is an Algorithm?

An algorithm is a step-by-step method to solve a problem. It is written in simple language so anyone can understand and follow it.

Example: Algorithm to make tea
Step 1: Boil water
Step 2: Add tea leaves
Step 3: Add sugar and milk
Step 4: Boil for 2 minutes
Step 5: Strain and serve

Features of a Good Algorithm

Clear and easy to understand
Has a starting and ending point
Solves the problem correctly
Works for all possible cases

What is a Flowchart?

A flowchart is a diagram that shows the steps of an algorithm using shapes and arrows. Each shape has a meaning:

Oval: Start or End
Rectangle: Process or action
Parallelogram: Input or output
Diamond: Decision or question
Arrows show the flow of steps

Drawing a Flowchart

To draw a flowchart, follow these steps:

Write the algorithm first
Use the correct shapes for each step
Connect the shapes with arrows
Start with "Start" and end with "End"

Example: Flowchart for Finding the Largest of Two Numbers

Start
Input two numbers: A and B
Is A > B?
If Yes, print "A is largest"
If No, print "B is largest"
End

Uses of Algorithms and Flowcharts

Planning computer programs
Solving math problems
Explaining steps in science experiments
Organizing daily tasks

Fun Activity: Make Your Own Flowchart!

Choose a simple task (like brushing your teeth or making a sandwich). Write the algorithm and draw a flowchart for it.

Summary

Algorithms are step-by-step instructions to solve problems.
Flowcharts show algorithms using shapes and arrows.
Both help us plan and solve problems easily.

Practice Questions

What is an algorithm?
Name two shapes used in flowcharts and their meanings.
Write an algorithm for making a sandwich.
Draw a flowchart for checking if a number is even or odd.
Why do we use flowcharts?

Challenge Yourself

Create a flowchart for your morning routine.
Write an algorithm for adding three numbers.

Did You Know?

The word "algorithm" comes from the name of a Persian mathematician, Al-Khwarizmi!
Flowcharts are used in many fields, not just computers.

Glossary

Algorithm: Step-by-step instructions to solve a problem.
Flowchart: A diagram showing steps using shapes and arrows.
Process: An action or step in a flowchart.
Decision: A question with Yes/No or True/False answer in a flowchart.

Answers to Practice Questions

An algorithm is a step-by-step way to solve a problem.
Oval (Start/End), Diamond (Decision), Rectangle (Process), Parallelogram (Input/Output).
Step 1: Take two slices of bread. Step 2: Spread butter. Step 3: Add filling. Step 4: Put slices together. Step 5: Serve.
(Student should draw a flowchart with input, decision, and output steps.)
To plan and show steps clearly before programming.

Practice writing algorithms and drawing flowcharts to become a smart problem solver!

ICT Class 8 - Algorithms And-Flowcharts Notes