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ICT Class 4 - Evolution Of-Computers Notes

Comprehensive study notes for Class 4 - Evolution Of-Computers olympiad preparation

Evolution of Computers

Welcome to the chapter on Evolution of Computers for Class 4. In this chapter, you will learn how computers have changed over time, from simple machines to the powerful computers we use today. By the end of this chapter, you will know about the history and development of computers!

Introduction

Computers were not always as small and fast as they are now. They have evolved over many years. Let’s learn how computers have changed!

Early Calculating Devices

  • Abacus: The first counting device, made of beads and rods.
  • Napier’s Bones: Used sticks to help with multiplication.
  • Pascaline: The first mechanical calculator, invented by Blaise Pascal.

First Generation Computers

  • Used vacuum tubes.
  • Very big and took up whole rooms.
  • Slow and used a lot of electricity.
  • Example: ENIAC

Second Generation Computers

  • Used transistors instead of vacuum tubes.
  • Smaller and faster than first generation.
  • Used less electricity.

Third Generation Computers

  • Used integrated circuits (ICs).
  • Even smaller and faster.
  • Could do more work and were easier to use.

Fourth Generation Computers

  • Used microprocessors.
  • Very small, fast, and powerful.
  • Personal computers (PCs) became common.

Modern Computers

  • Laptops, tablets, and smartphones are computers we use every day.
  • They are very fast and can do many things at once.
  • Connected to the internet for sharing and learning.

Fun Activity: Timeline of Computers

Draw a timeline showing the evolution of computers from the abacus to modern computers. Add pictures and names!

Summary

  • Computers have changed a lot over time.
  • Early computers were big and slow.
  • Modern computers are small, fast, and powerful.

Practice Questions

  1. Name the first counting device.
  2. What did first generation computers use?
  3. Which generation used microprocessors?
  4. Give an example of a modern computer.
  5. Who invented the Pascaline?

Challenge Yourself

  • List three differences between early computers and modern computers.
  • Draw and label any two types of computers.

Did You Know?

  • The first computers could only do simple calculations.
  • Today’s computers can play games, help us learn, and connect us to people all over the world!

Glossary

  • Abacus: An old counting device made of beads.
  • Vacuum Tube: Used in first generation computers to process data.
  • Transistor: Used in second generation computers to make them faster.
  • Microprocessor: A small chip that makes computers work fast.

Answers to Practice Questions

  1. Abacus
  2. Vacuum tubes
  3. Fourth generation
  4. Laptop, tablet, smartphone (any one)
  5. Blaise Pascal

Computers have come a long way! Keep learning about them to understand our digital world.

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