Conditionals

Conditionals

Welcome to the chapter on Conditionals for Class 9. In this chapter, you will learn about conditional sentences, their types, and how to use them correctly in English. By the end of this chapter, you will be able to form and use zero, first, second, and third conditionals in your writing and speech.

Introduction

Conditionals are sentences that talk about possible or imaginary situations and their results. They often use the word "if".

Types of Conditionals

• Zero Conditional: Used for general truths and scientific facts.
  If you heat water, it boils.
• First Conditional: Used for real and possible situations in the future.
  If it rains, we will stay indoors.
• Second Conditional: Used for unreal or unlikely situations in the present or future.
  If I had a million rupees, I would travel the world.
• Third Conditional: Used for imaginary situations in the past.
  If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.

Structure of Conditionals

• Zero Conditional: If + present simple, present simple
• First Conditional: If + present simple, will + base verb
• Second Conditional: If + past simple, would + base verb
• Third Conditional: If + past perfect, would have + past participle

Examples

• Zero: If you mix red and blue, you get purple.
• First: If you study, you will pass the test.
• Second: If I were you, I would call the doctor.
• Third: If they had left earlier, they would have caught the train.

Common Mistakes

• Do not use "will" or "would" in the "if" part of the sentence.
• Use the correct tense for each type of conditional.

Practice Questions

1. Write a zero conditional sentence about food.
2. Make a first conditional sentence about your weekend plans.
3. Write a second conditional sentence about winning a prize.
4. Make a third conditional sentence about missing the bus.
5. Identify the type of conditional: "If you had told me, I would have helped you."

Challenge Yourself

• Write one sentence for each type of conditional about your school life.
• Change these sentences into conditionals:
  • You study hard. You get good marks.
  • You forget your umbrella. You get wet.

Did You Know?

• "If" is the most common word used to start conditional sentences.
• Conditionals help us talk about possibilities, dreams, and regrets.

Glossary

• Conditional: A sentence that talks about a possible or imaginary situation.
• Base verb: The simple form of a verb (e.g., go, eat, play).
• Past participle: The third form of a verb (e.g., gone, eaten, played).

Answers to Practice Questions

1. If you eat too much sugar, you get cavities.
2. If it is sunny, I will go to the park.
3. If I won a prize, I would buy a bicycle.
4. If I had not missed the bus, I would have reached on time.
5. Third conditional.

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Use conditionals to talk about real, possible, and imaginary situations in English!