Mathematics Class 5 - Fractions And-Decimals Notes

Fractions and Decimals

Welcome to the chapter on Fractions and Decimals for Class 5. In this chapter, you will learn how to work with fractions and decimals, compare them, and solve problems using them. By the end of this chapter, you will be able to use fractions and decimals confidently in sums and word problems!

Introduction

Fractions and decimals are ways to show parts of a whole. Fractions use numbers like 1/2 or 3/4, while decimals use numbers like 0.5 or 0.75. Let’s learn how to use them!

Fractions

A fraction shows a part of a whole. It has two numbers: the top number (numerator) and the bottom number (denominator).

• Example: 3/4 means 3 parts out of 4.
• 1/2 is half, 1/4 is a quarter.
• Fractions can be proper (less than 1), improper (more than 1), or mixed (whole and part).

Decimals

Decimals also show parts of a whole, but use a dot (.) to separate the whole number from the part.

• Example: 0.5 is the same as 1/2.
• 0.25 is the same as 1/4.
• Decimals are used in money, measurements, and more.

Comparing Fractions and Decimals

You can change fractions to decimals and decimals to fractions.

• 1/2 = 0.5
• 3/4 = 0.75
• 0.2 = 1/5

Operations with Fractions and Decimals

You can add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions and decimals.

• Add: 1/4 + 1/4 = 1/2
• Subtract: 0.8 - 0.3 = 0.5
• Multiply: 1/2 × 2 = 1
• Divide: 0.6 ÷ 2 = 0.3

Word Problems

Use fractions and decimals to solve real-life problems. Read the question, choose the correct operation, and solve.

• Example: If a pizza is cut into 8 slices and you eat 3, what fraction of the pizza did you eat? (3/8)
• Example: If a pencil costs ₹2.50 and you buy 4, how much do you pay? (₹2.50 × 4 = ₹10.00)

Fun Activity: Fraction Pizza!

Draw a pizza and divide it into equal slices. Color some slices and write the fraction you colored!

Summary

• Fractions and decimals show parts of a whole.
• You can compare, add, subtract, multiply, and divide them.
• Practice word problems to use fractions and decimals in real life.

Practice Questions

1. Write 1/2 as a decimal.
2. Add: 0.3 + 0.4
3. What is 3/4 of 20?
4. Subtract: 5/8 - 1/8
5. Write 0.25 as a fraction.

Challenge Yourself

• Make your own word problem using fractions and decimals.
• Solve: 2.5 + 1/2

Did You Know?

• Decimals are used every day when we talk about money!
• Fractions are used in cooking, sharing, and dividing things.

Glossary

• Fraction: A part of a whole, written as a/b.
• Decimal: A way to write fractions using a dot (.), like 0.5.
• Numerator: The top number in a fraction.
• Denominator: The bottom number in a fraction.

Answers to Practice Questions

1. 0.5
2. 0.7
3. 15
4. 4/8 or 1/2
5. 1/4

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Practice fractions and decimals every day to become a math expert!