Mathematics Class 5 - Geometrical Shapes-And-Solids Notes

Geometrical Shapes and Solids

Welcome to the chapter on Geometrical Shapes and Solids for Class 5. In this chapter, you will learn about different shapes and solids, their properties, and how to identify them in real life. By the end of this chapter, you will be able to name, draw, and describe various shapes and solids confidently!

Introduction

Geometrical shapes and solids are all around us. Shapes are flat figures, and solids are objects that have length, breadth, and height. Let’s explore them!

Plane Shapes (2D Shapes)

Plane shapes are flat and have only length and breadth.

• Square: 4 equal sides and 4 corners
• Rectangle: 4 sides (opposite sides equal) and 4 corners
• Triangle: 3 sides and 3 corners
• Circle: No sides, no corners, round shape
• Oval: Like a stretched circle

Solid Shapes (3D Shapes)

Solid shapes have length, breadth, and height. They take up space.

• Cube: 6 square faces (e.g., dice, Rubik’s cube)
• Cuboid: 6 rectangular faces (e.g., box, book)
• Cylinder: 2 circular faces and 1 curved face (e.g., can, pipe)
• Sphere: Round, no edges or corners (e.g., ball, globe)
• Cone: 1 circular face and 1 curved face (e.g., ice cream cone)
• Pyramid: Triangular faces meet at a point (e.g., Egyptian pyramid)

Properties of Shapes and Solids

• Sides: Straight or curved lines that make up a shape
• Corners (Vertices): Points where sides meet
• Faces: Flat surfaces of a solid
• Edges: Lines where two faces meet

Shapes and Solids in Real Life

• A clock is a circle.
• A book is a cuboid.
• A dice is a cube.
• A ball is a sphere.
• An ice cream cone is a cone.

Fun Activity: Shape Hunt!

Look around your home or classroom. Find objects that match each shape and solid. Make a list or draw them!

Summary

• Shapes can be flat (2D) or solid (3D).
• Each shape and solid has special properties.
• We see shapes and solids everywhere in real life.

Practice Questions

1. How many sides does a triangle have?
2. Name a solid shape with 6 square faces.
3. Which shape is round and has no corners?
4. Give an example of a cuboid from your home.
5. How many faces does a cylinder have?

Challenge Yourself

• Draw and label three plane shapes and three solid shapes.
• Find and list five objects in your house that are solid shapes.

Did You Know?

• The Great Pyramid of Giza is a real-life pyramid!
• A football is a sphere, and a dice is a cube.

Glossary

• Face: A flat surface of a solid shape.
• Edge: The line where two faces meet.
• Vertex (Corner): The point where edges meet.
• 2D Shape: A flat shape with length and breadth.
• 3D Shape: A solid shape with length, breadth, and height.

Answers to Practice Questions

1. 3
2. Cube
3. Circle
4. Book, box, eraser (any cuboid-shaped object)
5. 3 (2 flat faces and 1 curved face)

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Explore shapes and solids around you and become a geometry expert!